# Introducing C3 For the Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCM) to scale and realise the ambitious growth projections set before it, significant barriers must be overcome. ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FF4aKKiUDb9tdZ7GH2Ept%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=27f31eb6-80a4-45ab-b96a-06bc7e6f1d9d) The challenges of the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) are not unique. They are symptomatic of markets that trade in environmental commodities which represent public goods. Historically, these markets have not arisen naturally and do not function efficiently without assigned property rights, rules governing transactions, and institutional oversight. Consumers need credible information on the quality of what they are purchasing to build legitimacy and trust. The rise of high-integrity third party standards such as those developed by Gold Standard and Verra have given the VCM much needed confidence, and led to the market surpassing the $1billion mark in 2021. The impact of the VCM – in terms of mitigated or removed tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalence – has been in the order of hundreds of millions. Estimates suggest the VCM will need to scale by 15 times towards 2030 to play its part in avoiding greenhouse gas emissions remaining 1.5 degrees centigrade below pre-industrial levels by 2050. Continued improvements in credit-level integrity, the scaling-up of innovative climate technologies and emerging demand from corporates to align with Net Zero will underpin the next phase of growth in the market. However, the Voluntary Carbon Markets today remain opaque, heavily intermediated, and illiquid. In October 2021, the launch of KlimaDAO demonstrated that Web3 will serve as a significant new source of demand and disruption for the VCM. KlimaDAO is built on the Polygon blockchain and has led to the removal of 15,000,000 carbon credits being retired from the legacy market. C3 believes that to fully leverage the efforts of the Standards that have developed over the past 2 decades, and integrate new areas of demand into the market, we need innovations such as KlimaDAO that fundamentally change the VCM. The potential of market infrastructure powered by blockchain technology and facilitated through decentralized finance (DeFi) tooling promises greater liquidity, transparency, and security for market participants. The potential of these advances will ultimately accelerate flows of capital to the carbon projects that we require to decarbonise and heal our planet. **KlimaDAO has already demonstrated the role DeFi has to play in the VCM.** The liquid pools of carbon assets borne out of KlimaDAO give efficient price discovery for buyers, and provide sellers with direct access to offtakers. It solves one of the key problems associated with the VCM today: fragmentation. *“Currently, liquidity in voluntary carbon markets is fragmented… In today’s market, matching each individual buyer with a corresponding supplier is a time-consuming and inefficient process, transacted over-the-Counter”* The volume traded between USDC and Base Carbon Tonnes (BCT) on SushiSwap has exceeded $1,000,000 per day since the launch of the protocol, and peaked at $132,000,000 on October 19th. These pools catalyze the market and provide an experience in stark contrast to the existing processes carried out between purchasers and intermediaries which are done via phonecalls, emails and opaque OTC deals. ![https://analytics-polygon.sushi.com/pairs/0x1e67124681b402064cd0abe8ed1b5c79d2e02f64](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Eteis4Lv1gWKzOzkLkU8Y4DFZLCEVf_D5JmeZ_1Z6IFn4ThEPE6SAgHKizJhTnbyADjJbvMy32QN0V7x87qMpCGg2dVbHyJp9BBSwM4K9AzLGt7J_jvq465tYkP5Smhe9__em8M) Maximising participation in these pools will enable the market to function more efficiently. However, it is not just the participation that matters. The data from the transparent LPs governed by smart contracts immediately add value to the VCM. It is not possible to quickly compare the daily liquidity from KlimaDAO’s SushiSwap pools against the performance of the wider VCM, as data in the VCM at is self-reported, retrospective and paywalled. The Taskforce for Scaling the Voluntary Carbon Markets acknowledge this: *"One of the key issues in today’s voluntary carbon markets is that there are no “liquid” reference contracts (e.g., spot and futures) with a daily, reliable price signal. This makes price risk management almost impossible and serves as an impediment to the growth of supplier financing. In order to concentrate liquidity and unlock the benefits that come with it, there is a need for core carbon reference contracts that can be traded on exchanges."* Toucan Protocol’s Base Carbon Tonne functions as a core carbon reference contract for the credits contained within it, and its price and performance is immediately discoverable from SushiSwap. Shortly after Toucan’s launch, XPANSIV CBL [announced](https://xpansiv.com/cbl-launches-spot-contract-aligned-with-tsvcm-core-carbon-principles/amp/) the launch of their own core carbon reference contract. C3 will launch with 3 Core Reference Contracts to deliver on the needs of DeFi, and provide additional value to the wider VCM: * Universal Basic Offset (UBO) * Nature Based Offset (NBO) * Sequestration Based Offset (SBO) KlimaDAO’s thesis is that Web3 can be used to create public goods for the climate by pooling the capital of the community and utilising innovative incentive mechanisms. KlimaDAO is unlikely to remain the only benevolent actor in this space who acknowledges the power and role of the Voluntary Carbon Markets. C3 therefore positions itself as a gateway for the ReFi economy. Through its API-powered bridge, it enables those who wish to participate in the on-chain carbon market to do so quickly, intuitively and permissionlessly. By having the express objective of expanding the bandwidth between these two markets, C3 intends to unlock the growth potential of both. C3 will leverage existing knowledge, frameworks and standards and deliver curated reference contract pools that are permissionless and accessible to all players. Without such mechanisms, competitive pressures will continue to minimise quality and limit transparency. Without such mechanisms, there is a risk that the current discursive stalemate turns into a race to the bottom in which the Voluntary Carbon Market undermines the objectives of the Paris Agreement instead of supporting the required transformational change. Finally, C3 believes in decentralization and empowering the early participants of ReFi. The tokenomics are designed to distribute a super majority of governance power over the next few years. The blockchain ecosystem has different players who do carbon bridging activities. For the C3 Bridge, the mechanics of the bridge works in the same way as existing bridging solutions, with the difference that C3 has access to all the existing Carbon Registries (namely ACR, CAR, Plan Vivo, Verra and Gold Standard). However, the output is a UBO and NBO (Universal Based Offset and Nature Base Offset). # C3 Mission A gateway for all players to access the world of climate-focused Regenerative Finance. C3 is on a mission to connect the world of DeFi with the Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCM). Doing so will catalyse investment into pro-climate projects across the globe, generate value creation opportunities for Web3 users, and provide benefits for the wider VCM. To achieve this, we offer permissionless, accessible and intuitive Web3 infrastructure that gives all players the opportunity to contribute to the Regenerative Finance (ReFi) economy. ReFi is the preference for the funding of community and the public good over, or in parallel to, projects that are expected to produce a return for the funder. For C3, ReFi refers to the environment and our climate, and how the cost of carbon can be internalised into DeFi. Taking immediate and decisive action on climate change is mission critical for our survival. That said, the transition to net zero carbon emissions is also the single biggest commercial opportunity of this generation. Web3 is uniquely well-placed to marry these two worlds of climate action, and economic opportunity. To facilitate the growth of the ReFi economy and unlock the opportunity, we are developing three key products: * Carbon Bridge that creates composable carbon assets backed by the robustness of the VCM. * Governance Token & Gauges to incentive C3 users to participate in this emerging market. * Project Development Gateway to give DeFi the opportunity to get direct exposure to the VCM. Delivering on our mission will lead to the growth and proliferation of composable carbon assets within DeFi, will develop a sustainable future for Web3, and will deliver benefits to all players: * Ensures the integrity of on-chain assets is bridged to DeFi to build trust across market participants. * Maximises liquidity and the flow of capital in the legacy markets towards high-impact carbon projects. * Incentivises participation from multiple stakeholder groups to pool capital and share risk and reward. * Exposes the existing carbon markets to new use-cases enabled by Web3 that enhance impact and innovation. # Carbon Bridge C3's permissionless bridge allows users to bring their carbon credits into Web3 ### C3 Carbon Bridge The Carbon Bridge allows players in the VCM to give their carbon credits a presence on the blockchain and immediately integrate with the emerging ReFi ecosystem. The bridge is permissionless (anyone use it) and is designed with ease-of-use in mind to ensure that all who wish to participate, can. The bridge is automated and API-enabled which removes human error and the need for complex processes to be followed. Through C3's trusted partners, those who do not have a Registry Account can quickly and easily access carbon credits to be used for bridging. The tokenised carbon credits created by the bridge have a number of advantages over the existing Registry based system, including full transparency, programmability, fractionalization, and composability with the emerging ReFi ecosystem. This can solve some of the key issues outlined in [Introducing C3](/). ### How it works The C3 Carbon Bridge is a one-way automated bridge at launch. It requires carbon credits to be retired for the purpose of bridging. It then takes the metadata of the retired carbon projects and brings them onto the blockchain. This ensures that no-double counting can occur, and all of the key characteristics of the carbon projects are transparently transcribed to the blockchain. Once the credits are on the blockchain, users can begin to interact with the Web3 ecosystem (e.g. [KlimaDAO](https://www.klimadao.finance/)), or be traded in AMM [Carbon ](/the-basics/carbon-pools)[Pools](/the-basics/carbon-pools). ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FvlO8ZG3J2Gi0uKMM2EH3%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=5cc876b2-5d9c-4bc8-848f-238d8fe513cb) **Requirements** In order to bring carbon credits over the Carbon Bridge onto the C3 Registry, users will need access to two things: * **Access to carbon credits:** this could be access to a Registry Account that enables the retirement of credits, or it may be done through one of our partners. * **A Polygon address:** C3 is built on Polygon. Users will need a Polygon address to receive tokenised credits and some MATIC to pay for gas. # Carbon Pools AMMs unlock the power of the ReFi ecosystem The creation of Carbon Pools is one of the key innovations that is already disrupting the VCM, and will position Web3 as the place to trade carbon. Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a financial tool unique to Ethereum and DeFi. This new technology is decentralized, highly liquid and is live 24/7. AMMs allow digital assets to be traded without permission and automatically by using liquidity pools instead of a traditional market of buyers and sellers. In the VCM, buyers and sellers offer up different prices for an asset (via OTC deals). When sellers find an offer to be acceptable, they execute a trade and that price becomes the asset’s market price. The asset's market price is not public in the VCM. AMMs on the other hand don't rely on email and closed bidding, and all their data is immediately accessible for users (see [here](https://analytics-polygon.sushi.com/pairs/0x1e67124681b402064cd0abe8ed1b5c79d2e02f64)). C3 will launch 2 pools on SushiSwap. Anyone will be able to sell or buy tokenised carbon tonnes, and they will have immediate access to price discovery, trading volumes and pool liquidity to inform their trading decisions. The C3 pools will trade commoditised groups of tokenised carbon tonnes that contain similar characteristics to all other projects in the same pool. These pools will be Core Carbon Reference Contracts that will function as a reference point for the wider VCM. The ease-of-use of the bridge, and the liquidity and transparency of the pools will serve as an incentive for legacy players to participate. At launch, the following carbon pools went live: * **Universal Base Offset (UBO):** accepting most VCS and GS methodologies for credits issued from 2014 onwards. Blacklisted methodologies will be announced prior to launch. * **Nature Base Offset (NBO):** Nature-based offset index accepting all VCS and GS methodologies characterized as NCS, including REDD+, IFM, and those with VCS or GS certification utilizing CDM-based forestry methodologies such as AR-AM0014. Vintage of 2014 onwards. Read on to find the [specifications and carbon methodologies](/c3-pool-specifications-and-carbon-methodologies/ubo) of our pools. At launch, C3 is permissioned, meaning a governance vote is required to add new carbon pools. Later down the road, we will launch **permissionless carbon pools,** allowing any user to create a carbon pool with their own criteria. # Carbon Project Development C3 will unlock new revenue generation opportunities in the VCM for DeFi The purpose of the VCM is to maximise flows of high-integrity carbon finance to projects around the world that would otherwise not be viable. In order to scale-up the market, billions of dollars of capital will need to be raised to develop carbon projects. Once the projects are developed and operational, carbon credits will be issued and sold into the market on the spot of via forward agreements. Currently, those who have the capital to finance projects upfront can achieve significant planetary benefits, and generate significant revenues for themselves. However, without access to capital and deep knowledge of the market, it is impossible to get exposure to carbon development opportunities. For now, the average person or organisation who wants to participate in the carbon market must be a price taker in a heavily intermediated market. However, the blockchain offers a unique opportunity that enables groups to pool capital and bypass the complex and opaque supply chain of the VCM. *"A major power of cryptocurrency is that it allows communities to summon up large amounts of capital without any individual person needing to personally donate that capital... There are hundreds of billions of dollars of capital flowing around, but public goods that are key to that capital's ongoing survival are receiving only tens of millions of dollars per year of funding. -* [*Vitalik*](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/03/23/legitimacy.html)*"* C3 is a conduit for financing high-impact carbon projects. Pre-vetted carbon credits that conform to the criteria outlined in the [Carbon Credit Primer](/the-basics/carbon-credit-primer) section can be issued directly into our DeFi native pools to service on-chain demand. This will enable those who wish to get exposure to the positive impact and value creation opportunities of financing carbon projects, will be able to do so. For the first time. The investment profile of a DeFi native carbon project with a <1 year lead time may look something like this: * $10 million project development cost. * Generation of 400,000 carbon credits. * $26.6 million revenue over 10 year issuance period. Please revisit this page post-launch to receive further details on C3's Project Development Gateway. # Voluntary Carbon Market Primer There are a number of tools available to governments, organisations and civil society to tackle climate change. The Carbon Markets represent one such tool; they are a **market-based mechanism** that enables players to achieve their environmental commitments in the case where they are not able to immediately reduce emissions to the level required by law or against self-prescribed commitments. In the **Voluntary Carbon Markets**, anyone can purchase carbon credits from the market. These credits can then be retired on behalf of the purchaser to demonstrate the investment they have made into the environment. The **goal** of the Voluntary Carbon Market is to enable the development of carbon projects across the globe that can abate, reduce or remove greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere. Projects typically focus around the development of one technology type that can verifiably enable emissions reductions through the deployment of technologies that can reduce dependency on the extraction of hydrocarbons from the environment, or that can explicitly remove carbon from the atmosphere through natural or technical sequestration technologies. The voluntary carbon markets are unregulated and are facilitated by **Standards Bodies** that set the minimum quality criteria required for the issuance of carbon credits. Verra (Verified Carbon Standard) and Gold Standard are the two largest standards facilitating over three-quarters of the total voluntary carbon market. There are a number of smaller standard bodies, and an emerging group of organisations who focus on niche applications such as agriculture and carbon removals. The Standard Bodies also host **Registries** that hosts information about each project that has been verified against its standard. The Registry is used to track the number of carbon credits issued against each project, transfers between the project developers and retailers, and retirements take place when the credit is removed from the market by an end-user. Robust tracking of the flow of carbon credits is critical so as to avoid *double-counting.* The avoidance of double-counting ensures every single carbon credit can only contribute towards the environmental commitment of one entity. Registry data is not public data. The Standard Bodies set strict requirements that projects must abide by in order to become verified and allowed to issue credits. The requirements are detailed in project **methodologies**. The purpose of these methodologies is to ensure that all verified carbon projects achieve a basic quality threshold that gives integrity to the [carbon credits](/the-basics/carbon-credit-primer) issued, and gives assurances that they deliver the benefits that are claimed. The compliance markets are out of scope currently for C3. # Carbon Credit Primer Carbon credits that are purchasable from Voluntary Carbon Markets are denominated in tonnes; a single carbon tonne represents the mitigation or removal of a single tonne of carbon from the atmosphere, and is commonly referred to in tCO2e (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent). The type of project the carbon credit is derived from is important, as it can impact the market value of the credits, the wider impacts on communities and the environment the project has, and the lead time and costs required to generate credits. A further key difference between projects to be aware of is whether the credits are from projects that avoid emissions, or that remove carbon directly from the atmosphere. The majority of carbon on the market today are avoidance credits, but to deliver on the Paris Agreement the scaling up of removal credits will be fully necessary. All verified projects are approved against robust bottom-up Measurement, Reporting and Verification criteria by third-party validation/verification body (VVB). They must be able to demonstrate they can deliver on key criteria, such as: * **Permanence:** the carbon avoided or removed by the project must be achievable against a time period into the future (e.g. for the operational lifetime of a renewable energy project), and will not be undermined by leakage (i.e. the project causes emissions elsewhere within its parameters). * **Emissions reductions:** demonstrate that the project can achieve carbon reductions above the baseline of existing emissions from the locality. * **Monitoring and reporting:** subject to ongoing (ex-post) monitoring and reporting to demonstrate the ongoing impact and permanence of the project's emissions reductions. * **Additionality:** demonstrating that the carbon finance secured through the issuance of carbon credits will enable the project to develop, and that without the finance it would not be viable. * **Double-counting:** the project will not be credited to other players within another emissions trading scheme. * **Sustainable:** the project will not have any negative impact on the sustainable development in the local community There are a number of key characteristics of carbon credits to be observed. These characteristics enable the market to differentiate between different project types: * **Carbon standards:** approved projects receive accreditation from non-profit certifiers including Verra, Gold Standard, American Carbon Registry, Climate Action Reserve. * **Country:** some countries may have the experience, supply chains and necessary infrastructure to develop certain projects over others, and project costs for the same type of project may vary from country to country. * **Project type:** each credit is derived from a different technique or technology that can avoid or remove carbon, they include but are not limited to: reforestation, afforestation, forest protection, renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro), soil carbon, Direct Air Capture (DAC), or Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). * **Co-benefits:** projects may secure additional certification from standards like the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standards (CCB Standards), which certifies additional benefits such as positive local impacts for communities and biodiversity benefits that the project can deliver. # FAQs **What does C3 do?** C3 is a carbon bridge that enables anyone to bridge their carbon credits on-chain and integrate with the ReFi ecosystem. This is achieved by ensuring each 'tokenised carbon tonne' (i.e. the onchain carbon credit) is backed by one verifiable carbon credit from the legacy system. This protects the integrity of the tokenised carbon tonnes, and enables market participants to reap the benefits that Web3 can bring to the Voluntary Carbon Market. **Who can use C3?** As a permissionless protocol, anyone can use C3. Existing players who have access to carbon credits can bridge their assets on to the blockchain to participate in the onchain markets. Those who wish to secure carbon credits can do so via the C3 website. Those who wish to purchase tokenised carbon tonnes can do so in the C3 [carbon pools](/the-basics/carbon-pools). **How does C3 protect against double counting?** At launch, C3 requires each tokenised carbon tonne to correspond to a specially-retired carbon credit in the legacy system. This process copies the metadata of each retired project onto the blockchain and also creates a unique hash that can be used to identify the retired carbon credit. Each unique hash can only be used once to avoid nefarious actors who may try to game the system. The immutable nature of Ethereum means that once the tokenised carbon tonnes are on the blockchain, they cannot be changed. **What carbon projects are eligible?** At launch, any type of verified carbon project can be bridged across to the blockchain. There will be 2 AMM pools that projects can be sold into: * **Universal Basic Offset (UBO):** accepting all VCS and GS methodologies for credits issued with a vintage > six years from the current calendar year. * **Nature Based Offset (NBO):** Nature-based offset index accepting all VCS and GS methodologies characterized as NCS, including REDD+, IFM, and those with VCS or GS certification utilizing CDM-based forestry methodologies such as AR-AM0014. # Protocol Summary C3 aims to integrate the existing voluntary carbon markets with the emerging Web3-enabled ReFi economy. The voluntary carbon markets represent one of the most accessible and impactful ways for all of society, from individuals to corporates, to participate in climate action. However, the current structure of the voluntary carbon markets is characterised by stark inefficiencies and opacity that curtail its impact. By providing trusted infrastructure that connects these markets, we can leverage the transparency and liquidity of the markets on the open web, and pass on the benefits to the legacy markets. Acting now to improve the systems that enable these two markets to integrate is imperative. The growth in demand from Web3 protocols to source tokenised carbon tonnes has already disrupted the status quo. In the future the open web will be the home of the carbon markets – achieving this will deliver the benefits of efficiency, transparency and disintermediation to carbon project developers, and their customers. It is this prioritisation of public goods, over all else, that has inspired C3. C3 does not play a role in the development and accreditation of carbon projects; instead it has created the infrastructure that transparently and efficiently enables the bridging of carbon projects that have been developed and accredited, into DeFi. At the core of C3 is the carbon bridge which enables existing assets to take their position On-chain. Underpinning the bridge is: * An intuitive interface for all market participants to access. * Tokenomics that assist in the development in ReFi. * And a native burn functionality for those who require it. ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FAJOxmno3oTPk9vPPRx3S%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=c1b2ded8-390d-4f67-acca-c903f89a55dd) Our objective is to leverage the robustness of existing carbon supply, and expose it to the growth opportunities available through DeFi. # Project Roadmap **V1. C3 Bridge** * Bridge functionality launched enabling permissionless participation in the Web3 Carbon Market. * Burn functionality provided by C3, enabling companies, individuals and DeFi to offset carbon emissions on-chain. * Integration with KlimaDAO to enable treasury diversification and maximise bandwidth between the legacy carbon market and ReFi. **V2. Mugglification** * The C3 bridge will contain features that make it for anyone to participate in the Web3 Carbon Market: * Non-custodial key management * Gasless transactions. * Direct purchase of tokenised credits from legacy and DeFi sources. * Payments by credit card or bank transfer. * SushiSwap integration. **V3. Project Development** * In addition to delivering on the Roadmap for the core DeFi products, C3 will in parallel develop a first-of-a-kind DeFi native carbon project that will democratize and disintermediate participation in the VCM. * The first project will be a pilot that serves to demonstrate the power and impact that can be unlocked through coordination and collaboration. * Subsequently this model will be scaled out to include a variety of carbon projects and value creation opportunities. **V4. *****Details Coming Soon***™ # C3 Governance Process #### Building Credibly Neutral Public Infrastructure While C3 is not a DAO, it does aim to build credibly public infrastructure. As such, C3 has had a public governance process since launch. ## Current Governance Framework #### Discord Chat The C3 Discord provides an informal setting for the community to discuss C3’s on-chain infrastructure and the broader Digital Carbon Market, as well as to communicate with the C3 team for questions and troubleshooting. #### Gauge System The C3 token (specifically vote-locked veC3) serves as the voting token for C3’s gauge system. This system incentivizes specific activities within the Digital Carbon Market, such as providing liquidity for a carbon-paired pool, or #### Governance Forum The \[C3 governance forum]\() provides a public mechanism for ideas on how to manage C3’s on-chain infrastructure to be surfaced from anyone in the Digital Carbon Market community, including but not limited to C3 contributors and partners. #### Temperature Check Polls If there is a specific proposal advanced in an RFC, the forum post should also include a poll to informally assess the community’s level of support for the proposed action(s). #### Snapshot Given that C3 is not technically a DAO, and operates under a traditional corporate legal structure, Snapshot votes would not necessarily be binding on the organization, but rather a form of public community governance distinct from the internal corporate governance processes of C3’s off-chain operations. That said, as an organization C3 is committed to being accountable to its community, and if a proposal passes through this governance process in good faith and there are no logistical, legal or regulatory blockers preventing implementation, such proposals will eventually be implemented. Advancement of proposals from the governance forum to a Snapshot token vote will be managed by the C3 team. ## Examples of Potential Proposals #### Additional Gauges Add a gauge for veC3 voters to allocate rewards for stakers on C3. This gauge can be used to incentivize liquidity, either with the C3 token or another token provided by the proposer, or both. This system is based on the Frax gauge model, which is modeled in turn on the Curve gauge system; see those governance forums for examples: * Curve gauge proposal example: * Frax gauge proposal example: #### Launching New Pools Anyone can advocate for the introduction of new pools according to a provided pool specification (most importantly: which standards, vintages, and methodologies are allowed into the pool). #### Migrating an Existing Gauge to a Different AMM Sometimes a gauge’s underlying LP will need to be migrated to a different AMM or a different version of that AMM. For instance, there is currently an \[RFC on the forum]\() to migrate the UBO/KLIMA and NBO/KLIMA liquidity from Sushi Trident to Sushiswap Legacy, motivated by lack of support for routing between Trident and Legacy pools in Sushi’s UI. #### Integrating New Assets into Bridge Infrastructure For example, supporting a new carbon credit standard or a new type of asset to be bridged.
# C3 C3 is the native token of the C3 Ecosystem. It will provide governance, fee accrual, ecosystem growth incentives, and utility as the space evolves. The Tokenomics are heavily designed to incentivize behaviors that accelerate the ReFi space. This is done through the help of Carbon Gauges. ## Incentivized Activities ### 1: Bridging When users tokenize and bridge their carbon asset, they are given a kickback in C3 as a reward for early users bringing carbon on-chain. The amount given is dependent on the amount of tokens brought, as well as the amount of C3 token allocated to the carbon token (based on the gauge vote) ### 2: Staking When users stake (soft-lock) their carbon assets, they are given C3 rewards for holding their carbon assets on chain and embracing the ReFi ecosystem. Rewards are dependent on which asset is staked, how much is being staked, and the amount of C3 token allocated to their asset. ### 2: Liquidity When users provide liquidity to certain carbon pools, they are given C3 as a reward for facilitating the ReFi ecosystem. Rewards are dependent on the pair, the amount provided, and the amount of C3 tokens allocated to the carbon asset. # VeC3 ## Overview VeC3 stands for "Vote-Escrowed C3". It is a non-fungible representation of the voting power and revenue distribution of the C3 ecosystem. In order to utilize the token fully, you must vote lock your C3 and acquire VeC3. When you have VeC3, you can **Vote**, **Stake**, and **Boost** in the C3 Ecosystem. The veC3 balance linearly decreases as tokens approach their lock expiry, down to 1 veC3 per C3. This encourages long-term staking and long term alignment of users. ## Staking VeC3 can be staked in order to obtain bridging and other revenue sources from the C3 ecosystem. 100% of the bridging fees will be given to the users. The fees are given in the carbon assets obtained. ## Boosting The biggest incentive for C3 users is the ability to massively increase your rewards on bridging, staking, and providing liquidity. The boost is automatically applied as you stake liquidity and carbon assets. * Liquidity: 2x * Staking: 2x In order to get the max boost for liquidity, you will need 4veC3 per 1 KLIMA in LP. The exception is for C3/FRAX, where you will need 4veC3 per 1 FRAX in LP. For staking gauges, you will need 4veC3 per carbon asset. Note that the boost itself does not increase the overall rewards distributed, but is an additive boost to the farmer yield. The amount of veC3 needed for a max boost can also be adjusted via governance vote. Authors note: We are internally discussing the viability of allowing individual boosts for bridging, as there is the chance of over rewarding bridgers. Bridgers could in theory bridge and stake, getting both rewards. By removing the option for boosting in bridging, it reduces the chance of bridgers becoming the majority of reward holders. For now, we have removed it from the boost. ## **Voting** VeC3 users are able to vote on proposals submitted by users. A minimum of 10000 veC3 tokens is needed in order to create a new proposal. Additionally, users are also able to vote on **Carbon Gauge weights,** to increase the amount allocated to that carbon asset. By having a larger share of rewards to that Gauge, more demand is given to that specific carbon token. During the Guarded launch, VeC3 will be used to whitelist protocols, companies, or individuals to create their own carbon token and criteria's. Other changes, such as major protocol upgrades, tokenomics adjustments, Grants, and various other proposals will have to go through C3 governance. ## Voting Power Each veC3 represents 1 vote in governance proposals. When you stake veC3 for the maximum amount (4 years), it will generate 4 veC3. As time goes on, the balance will slowly decrease down to 1 veC3 at the end of the expiry. At that time, the user can redeem the veC3 into C3. veC3 is non-transferable and each account can only have a single lock duration. In other words, you cannot have a 2 year lock with one set of C3, and a 3 year lock of another set of C3. All the C3 in one wallet will have the same lock time. ## Governance Whitelisting Smart contracts & DAOs require whitelisting by governance to stake for veFXS. Only EOA wallets can directly call the veC3 stake locking function. For protocols that would like to stake veC3, they will need to submit a governance proposal. # Carbon Gauges Carbon Gauges are the heart of the protocol. These determine how the bridging, staking, and LP rewards are distributed to the users. Each gauge has a weight system, which determines the rewards allocated. The amount of rewards are determined by how many veC3 is voted on that gauge. The larger the % share, the more rewards is distributed to that specific token. ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FbwxKED9EAyCfcRlweeOv%2Fmeta-chart%20\(2\).png?alt=media\&token=7dfd2caa-f7ed-46b5-a92a-ccfd2bdc7a5b) This allows for the market to determine itself how much liquidity (and therefore bandwidth) is allocated for each pair. This allows the reward process to be largely hands-off, and for the most utilized carbon tokens As time goes on, we expect the weights to deviate heavily as more liquidity and demand comes on-chain. This creates a natural self-regulating emission distribution where the most LTV is given to the most demanded pair. # Liquidity Pairing Gauges The liquidity Gauge aims to incentivize carbon liquidity onto ReFi. By rewarding those who provide liquidity, it provides external benefit other than price appreciation in order to LP. Users are given significant governance by doing so. To optimally align the protocol to the future of the ReFi ecosystem, all carbon assets that are incentivized will be paired with KLIMA. On day one, we will have 3 Carbon assets, as well as our native token. This means the incentives will go to these pairs: * **C3/FRAX** * **UBO/KLIMA** * **NBO/KLIMA** * **USDC/KLIMA** Future pairs, C3 or non-C3 carbon assets, can be incentivized in the future. For carbon tokens that do not originate from C3, they will have to go through a governance proposal in order to be added to the gauge. # Bridging Gauge The Bridging Gauge incentivizes those who bridge on-chain with governance tokens. With carbon assets, currently supply is only expanded when users bridge their carbon credits on chain. By giving governance to those who bridge, it significantly accelerates the supply on chain. C3T-ERC20s that are able to go into the following tokens will be eligible for bridging rewards: * **UBO** * **NBO** Unlike the Staking and Liquidity Gauge, only C3T-ERC20s are able to be incentivized. As more Carbon Pool Tokens are added into gauges, and therefore more C3T-ERC20s are able to be accepted, the criteria becomes bigger and bigger. # Staking Gauges The Staking Gauge aims to incentivize users to hold Carbon on-chain rather than off chain. By rewarding governance to early adopters and hold carbon, we create stickiness and a lindy effect. This adds an additional use-case to carbon tokens, and provides a supply sink for people to place their holdings without adding additional volatility onto the carbon asset. The following carbon tokens will be incentivized when the C3 Staking Gauge is live: * **UBO** * **NBO** * **wsKLIMA** Future carbon tokens, C3 or non-C3 carbon tokens, can be incentivized in the future. For carbon tokens that do not originate from C3, they will have to go through a governance proposal in order to be added to the gauge. # Token Distribution 4bn Total supply of veC3 Distributed over a 5 year period: * 7.5% to the core team, linearly vested over 3 years * 7.5% to investors, linearly vested over 3 years * 10% for KlimaDAO * 75% for Ecosystem incentives over 4 years The C3 IDO will come from the Ecosystem incentives. ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FPIk7cXeddvH4Mx8mzb5v%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=6920bc46-7d5a-4c80-af66-da932cd190eb) The circulating supply will be based on the IDO at launch and the initial release rate will be around 3m a day. ## Initial Emissions: For the ecosystem incentives, the emission schedule is as below: * 45% Year 1 * 30% Year 2 * 17.5% Year 3 * 7.5% Year 4 The initial emissions are currently distributed as below for year 1: **Liquidity:** * NBO/KLIMA: 10% * UBO/KLIMA: 8% * C3/FRAX: 8% * KLIMA/USDC: 8% **Staking:** * NBO: 6% * UBO: 4% * wsKLIMA 3% **Bridging:** * NBO: 6% * UBO: 6% **Misc:** * VeC3 holders: 1% * Unallocated: 40% The remaining unallocated is given to the DAO, which has free reign on how to allocate. It may be used to increased rewards of a gauge, add grants, used for DAO contributions, or for partnerships. ![](https://2789344777-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FbSu1u4Snb6JLFv2KqWzs%2Fuploads%2FafIbUBzs7PYGctIeEX5A%2Fmeta-chart%20\(4\).png?alt=media\&token=b2048fb5-849a-410d-b531-99f32d72a734) # UBO Universal Basic Offsets (UBO), is the widest criteria carbon token, accepting most VCS and GS methodologies for credits issued from 2014 onwards. Note that accepted CDM methodologies refer to those which can be converted to Verra or Gold Standard credits. The following Methodologies are accepted below: {% tabs %} {% tab title="Verra" %}
Methodology NumberDescription
VM0002New Cogeneration Facilities Supplying Less Carbon Intensive Electricity to Grid and/or Hot Water to One or More Grid Customers, v1.01
VM0008Weatherization of Single Family and Multi-Family Buildings, v1.13
VM0013Calculating Emission Reductions from Jet Engine Washing, v1.03
VM0018Energy Efficiency and Solid Waste Diversion Activities within a Sustainable Community, v1.03
VM0019Fuel Switch from Gasoline to Ethanol in Flex-Fuel Vehicle Fleets, v1.01
VM0020Transport Energy Efficiency from Lightweight Pallets, v1.03
VM0025Campus Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency, v1.01
VM0040Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Capture and Utilization in Plastic Materials, v1.03
VMR0004Revisions to AMS-III.BC to Include Mobile Machinery, v1.03
VMR0005Methodology for Installation of Low-Flow Water Devices, v1.03
VMR0006Methodology for Installation of High Efficiency Firewood Cookstoves
VM0001Infrared Automatic Refrigerant Leak Detection Efficiency Project Methodology, v1.111
VM0014Interception and Destruction of Fugitive Methane from Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Seeps, v1.01
VM0016Recovery and Destruction of Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) from Products, v1.111
VM0023Reduction of GHG Emissions in Propylene Oxide Production, v1.05
VM0030Methodology for Pavement Application using Sulphur Substitute, v1.04
VM0031Methodology for Precast Concrete Production using Sulphur Substitute, v1.04
VM0040Methodology for Greenhouse Gas Capture and Utilization in Plastic Materials, v1.0
VM0043Methodology for CO2 Utilization in Concrete Production6
VM0002New Cogeneration Facilities Supplying Less Carbon Intensive Electricity to Grid and/or Hot Water to One or More Grid Customers, v1.01
VM0008Weatherization of Single Family and Multi-Family Buildings, v1.13
VM0031Methodology for Precast Concrete Production using Sulphur Substitute, v1.04
VM0039Methodology for Use of Foam Stabilized Base and Emulsion Asphalt Mixtures in Pavement Application, v1.0
VM0019Fuel Switch from Gasoline to Ethanol in Flex-Fuel Vehicle Fleets, v1.01
VM0020Transport Energy Efficiency from Lightweight Pallets, v1.03
VM0030Methodology for Pavement Application using Sulphur Substitute, v1.04
VMR0004Revisions to AMS-III.BC to Include Mobile Machinery, v1.03
VM0018Energy Efficiency and Solid Waste Diversion Activities within a Sustainable Community, v1.03
VMR0003Revisions to AMS-III.Y to Include Use of Organic Bedding Material, v1.0
VMR0001Revisions to ACM0008 to Include Pre-drainage of Methane from an Active Open Cast Mine as a Methane Emission Reduction Activity, v1.08
VMR0002Revisions to ACM0008 to Include Methane Capture and Destruction from Abandoned Coal Mines, v1.0
Revisionto VM0042 Methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management, v1.014
VM0017Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Land Management, v1.014
VM0021Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology, v1.014
VM0026Methodology for Sustainable Grassland Management (SGM), v1.114
VM0032Methodology for the Adoption of Sustainable Grasslands through Adjustment of Fire and Grazing, v1.014
VM0042Methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management, v1.014
VM0041Methodology for the Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminants through the Use of Feed Ingredients, v2.015
VM0026Methodology for Sustainable Grassland Management (SGM), v1.114
VM0032Methodology for the Adoption of Sustainable Grasslands through Adjustment of Fire and Grazing, v1.014
VMR0003Revisions to AMS-III.Y to Include Use of Organic Bedding Material, v1.0
{% endtab %} {% tab title="Gold Standard" %}
Methodology NumberDescription
AM0038Methodology for improved electrical energy efficiency of an existing submerged electric arc furnace used for the production of SiMn
AM0043Leak reduction from a natural gas distribution grid by replacing old cast iron pipes or steel pipes without cathodic protection with polyethylene pipes
AM0044Energy efficiency improvement projects: boiler rehabilitation or replacement in industrial and district heating sectors
AM0046Distribution of efficient light bulbs to households
AM0048New cogeneration facilities supplying electricity and/or steam to multiple customers and displacing grid/off-grid steam and electricity generation with more carbon-intensive fuels
AM0050Feed switch in integrated Ammonia-urea manufacturing industry
AM0052Increased electricity generation from existing hydropower stations through Decision Support System optimization
AM0053Biogenic methane injection to a natural gas distribution grid
AM0055Recovery and utilization of waste gas in refinery or gas plant
AM0056Efficiency improvement by boiler replacement or rehabilitation and optional fuel switch in fossil fuel-fired steam boiler systems
AM0057Avoided emissions from biomass wastes through use as feed stock in pulp and paper production or in bio-oil production
AM0058Introduction of a district heating system
AM0059Reduction in GHGs emission from primary aluminium smelters
AM0061Methodology for rehabilitation and/or energy efficiency improvement in existing power plants
AM0062Energy efficiency improvements of a power plant through retrofitting turbines
AM0064Capture and utilisation or destruction of mine methane (excluding coal mines) or non mine methane
AM0065Replacement of SF6 with alternate cover gas in the magnesium industry
AM0066GHG emission reductions through waste heat utilisation for pre-heating of raw materials in sponge iron manufacturing process
AM0067Methodology for installation of energy efficient transformers in a power distribution grid
AM0068Methodology for improved energy efficiency by modifying ferroalloy production facility
AM0069Biogenic methane use as feedstock and fuel for town gas production
AM0070Manufacturing of energy efficient domestic refrigerators
AM0071Manufacturing and servicing of domestic refrigeration appliances using a low GWP refrigerant
AM0072Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating
AM0073GHG emission reductions through multi-site manure collection and treatment in a central plant
AM0074Methodology for new grid connected power plants using permeate gas previously flared and/or vented
AM0075Methodology for collection, processing and supply of biogas to end-users for production of heat
AM0076Methodology for implementation of fossil fuel trigeneration systems in existing industrial facilities
AM0077Recovery of gas from oil wells that would otherwise be vented or flared and its delivery to specific end-users
AM0078Point of Use Abatement Device to Reduce SF6 emissions in LCD Manufacturing Operations
AM0079Recovery of SF6 from Gas insulated electrical equipment in testing facilities
AM0080Mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions with treatment of wastewater in aerobic wastewater treatment plants
AM0081Flare or vent reduction at coke plants through the conversion of their waste gas into dimethyl ether for use as a fuel
AM0082Use of charcoal from planted renewable biomass in the iron ore reduction process through the establishment of a new iron ore reduction system
AM0083Avoidance of landfill gas emissions by in-situ aeration of landfills
AM0084Installation of cogeneration system supplying electricity and chilled water to new and existing consumers
AM0086Installation of zero energy water purifier for safe drinking water applicationt
AM0088Air separation using cryogenic energy recovered from the vaporization of LNG
AM0089Production of diesel using a mixed feedstock of gasoil and vegetable oil
AM0090Modal shift in transportation of cargo from road transportation to water or rail transportation
AM0091Energy efficiency technologies and fuel switching in new buildings
AM0092Substitution of PFC gases for cleaning Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) reactors in the semiconductor industry
AM0093Avoidance of landfill gas emissions by passive aeration of landfills
AM0094Distribution of biomass based stove and/or heater for household or institutional use
AM0095Waste gas based combined cycle power plant in a Greenfield iron and steel plant
AM0096CF4 emission reduction from installation of an abatement system in a semiconductor manufacturing facility
AM0097Installation of high voltage direct current power transmission line
AM0098Utilization of ammonia-plant off gas for steam generation
AM0099Installation of a new natural gas fired gas turbine to an existing CHP plant
AM0100Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) projects
AM0103Renewable energy power generation in isolated grids
AM0104Interconnection of electricity grids in countries with economic merit order dispatch
AM0105Energy efficiency in data centres through dynamic power management
AM0106Energy efficiency improvements of a lime production facility through installation of new kilns
AM0107New natural gas based cogeneration plant
AM0108Interconnection between electricity systems for energy exchange
AM0109Introduction of hot supply of Direct Reduced Iron in Electric Arc Furnaces
AM0110Modal shift in transportation of liquid fuels
AM0112Less carbon intensive power generation through continuous reductive distillation of waste
AM0113Distribution of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps to households
AM0114Shift from electrolytic to catalytic process for recycling of chlorine from hydrogen chloride gas in isocyanate plants
AM0115Recovery and utilization of coke oven gas from coke plants for LNG production
AM0116Electric taxiing systems for airplanes
AM0117Introduction of a new district cooling system
AM0118Introduction of low resistivity power transmission line
AM0119SF6 emission reductions in gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear
AM0120Energy-efficient refrigerators and air-conditioners
AM0121Emission reduction from partial switching of raw materials and increasing the share of additives in the production of blended cement --- Version 1.0
AM0122Recovery of methane-rich vapours from hydrocarbon storage tanks
AMS-III.AU.Methane emission reduction by adjusted water management practice in rice
AMS-III.BEAvoidance of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from sugarcane pre-harvest open burning through mulching
AMS-III.BFReduction of N2O emissions from use of Nitrogen Use Efficient (NUE) seeds that require less fertilizer application
{% endtab %} {% tab title="CDM" %} | Methodology Number | Description | | ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ACM0002 | Grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources --- Version 20.0 | | ACM0001 | Flaring or use of landfill gas --- Version 19.0 | | ACM0006 | Electricity and heat generation from biomass --- Version 15.0 | | {% endtab %} | | | {% endtabs %} | | # UBO Blacklist The following methodologies are **blacklisted** from the pool.
UBO Gold Standard Blacklist * AM0045 Grid connection of isolated electricity systems * AM0049 Methodology for gas based energy generation in an industrial facility * AM0060 Power saving through replacement by energy efficient chillers (**Unless the project originates in Africa or South America**) * AM0063 Recovery of CO2 from tail gas in industrial facilities to substitute the use of fossil fuels for production of CO2 * AM0101 High speed passenger rail systems * AM0111 Abatement of fluorinated greenhouse gases in semiconductor manufacturing
UBO Verra Blacklist * AM0001 - HFC-23 Projects * VM0038 Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems, v1.01 * VM0002 New Cogeneration Facilities Supplying Less Carbon Intensive Electricity to Grid and/or Hot Water to One or More Grid Customers, v1.01 * VM0028 Methodology for Carpooling, v1.07 * VM0038 Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems, v1.01 * VM0022 Quantifying N2O Emissions Reductions in Agricultural Crops through Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Reduction, v1.114
# NBO Natured Based Offset (NBO), is an Nature-based offset index accepting all VCS and GS methodologies characterized as NCS, including REDD+, IFM, and those with VCS or GS certification utilizing CDM-based forestry methodologies such as AR-AM0014. Vintage of 2014 onwards. The following Methodologies are accepted below: {% tabs %} {% tab title="Verra" %} | [Revision to VM0042 Methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/revision-to-vm0042-methodology-for-improved-agricultural-land-management-v1-0/)14 | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [VM0017 Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Land Management, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0017-adoption-of-sustainable-agricultural-land-management-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0021-soil-carbon-quantification-methodology-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0026 Methodology for Sustainable Grassland Management (SGM), v1.1](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0026-methodology-for-sustainable-grassland-management-sgm-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0032 Methodology for the Adoption of Sustainable Grasslands through Adjustment of Fire and Grazing, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0032-methodology-for-the-adoption-of-sustainable-grasslands-through-adjustment-of-fire-and-grazing-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0042 Methodology for Improved Agricultural Land Management, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0042-methodology-for-improved-agricultural-land-management-v1-0/) | | [VM0009 Methodology for Avoided Ecosystem Conversion, v3.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0009-methodology-for-avoided-ecosystem-conversion-v3-0/)14 | | [VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0021-soil-carbon-quantification-methodology-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0026 Methodology for Sustainable Grassland Management (SGM), v1.1](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0026-methodology-for-sustainable-grassland-management-sgm-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0032 Methodology for the Adoption of Sustainable Grasslands through Adjustment of Fire and Grazing, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0032-methodology-for-the-adoption-of-sustainable-grasslands-through-adjustment-of-fire-and-grazing-v1-0/) | | [VM0041 Methodology for the Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions from Ruminants through the Use of Feed Ingredients, v2.0](https://verra.org/methodology/reduction-of-enteric-methane-emissions/) | | [VMR0003 Revisions to AMS-III.Y to Include Use of Organic Bedding Material, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vmr0003-revisions-to-ams-iii-y-to-include-use-of-organic-bedding-material-v1-0/) | | [VM0004 Methodology for Conservation Projects that Avoid Planned Land Use Conversion in Peat Swamp Forests, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0004-methodology-for-conservation-projects-that-avoid-planned-land-use-conversion-in-peat-swamp-forests-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0007 REDD+ Methodology Framework (REDD+MF), v1.6](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0007-redd-methodology-framework-redd-mf-v1-6/)14 | | [VM0024 Methodology for Coastal Wetland Creation, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0024-methodology-for-coastal-wetland-creation-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0027 Methodology for Rewetting Drained Tropical Peatlands, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0027-methodology-for-rewetting-drained-tropical-peatlands-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0033 Methodology for Tidal Wetland and Seagrass Restoration, v2.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0033-methodology-for-tidal-wetland-and-seagrass-restoration-v2-0/)14 | | [VM0036 Methodology for Rewetting Drained Temperate Peatlands v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0036-methodology-for-rewetting-drained-temperate-peatlands-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0003 Methodology for Improved Forest Management through Extension of Rotation Age, v1.2](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0003-methodology-for-improved-forest-management-through-extension-of-rotation-age-v1-2/)14 | | [VM0004 Methodology for Conservation Projects that Avoid Planned Land Use Conversion in Peat Swamp Forests, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0004-methodology-for-conservation-projects-that-avoid-planned-land-use-conversion-in-peat-swamp-forests-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0005 Methodology for Conversion of Low-productive Forest to High-productive Forest, v1.2](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0005-methodology-for-conversion-of-low-productive-forest-to-high-productive-forest-v1-2/)14 | | [VM0006 Methodology for Carbon Accounting for Mosaic and Landscape-scale REDD Projects, v2.2](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0006-methodology-for-carbon-accounting-for-mosaic-and-landscape-scale-redd-projects-v2-2/)14 | | [VM0007 REDD+ Methodology Framework (REDD+MF), v1.6](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0007-redd-methodology-framework-redd-mf-v1-6/)14 | | [VM0009 Methodology for Avoided Ecosystem Conversion, v3.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0009-methodology-for-avoided-ecosystem-conversion-v3-0/)14 | | [VM0010 Methodology for Improved Forest Management: Conversion from Logged to Protected Forest, v1.3](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0010-methodology-for-improved-forest-management-conversion-from-logged-to-protected-forest-v1-3/)14 | | [VM0011 Methodology for Calculating GHG Benefits from Preventing Planned Degradation, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0011-methodology-for-calculating-ghg-benefits-from-preventing-planned-degradation-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0012 Improved Forest Management in Temperate and Boreal Forests (LtPF), v1.2](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0012-improved-forest-management-in-temperate-and-boreal-forests-ltpf-v1-2/)14 | | [VM0015 Methodology for Avoided Unplanned Deforestation, v1.1](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0015-methodology-for-avoided-unplanned-deforestation-v1-1/)14 | | [VM0029 Methodology for Avoided Forest Degradation through Fire Management, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0029-methodology-for-avoided-forest-degradation-through-fire-management-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0034 Canadian Forest Carbon Offset Methodology, v2.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0034-canadian-forest-carbon-offset-methodology-v2-0-2/)14 | | [VM0035 Methodology for Improved Forest Management through Reduced Impact Logging v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0035-methodology-for-improved-forest-management-through-reduced-impact-logging-v1-0/)14 | | [VM0037 Methodology for Implementation of REDD+ Activities in Landscapes Affected by Mosaic Deforestation and Degradation, v1.0](https://verra.org/methodology/vm0037-methodology-implementation-redd-activities-landscapes-affected-mosaic-deforestation-degradation-v1-0/)1 | | [AR-ACM0003 (CDM)](https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/C9QS5G3CS8FW04MYYXDFOQDPXWM4OE) | | [AR-AM0014 (CDM)](https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/KMH6O8T6RL3P5XKNBQE2N359QG7KOE) | | [AR-AMS0003](https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/808WOYH6FWAXP3CQR4PXOLORGZBVRG) (CDM) | | [AR-AMS0007](https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/J6ZHLX1C3AEMSZ52PWIII6D2AOJZUB) (CDM) | {% endtab %} {% tab title="Gold Standard" %} | SOIL ORGANIC CARBON FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | AFFORESTATION/REFORESTATION GHG EMISSIONS REDUCTION & SEQUESTRATION METHODOLOGY | | [REDUCING METHANE EMISSIONS FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION IN DAIRY COWS THROUGH APPLICATION OF FEED SUPPLEMENTS](https://globalgoals.goldstandard.org/404-luf-agr-livestock-enteric-fermentation-in-dairy-cows-through-application-of-feed-supplements/) | | {% endtab %} | | {% endtabs %} | # SBO Soon TM